Time series of hourly resolution Onshore Wind generation for European Scale Energy system studies

<p dir="ltr">This dataset provides Pan-European simulated hourly time series of onshore wind generation to be used with Balmorel energy system model which can be used to study future European scale energy system. The dataset is divided into two main categories (folders), 'Existing' which represents simulation of existing fleets (all existing wind farms in the year 2020 with their specific locations and technological characteristics) and 'Future' where several sets of possible future technologies are simulated. Within the Future folder, the simulations are available for 3 different specific-powers (199, 277 and 335 W/m2), 3 different hub-heights (100, 150 and 200 m) and 3 different resource grades (RGA, RGB and RGC). Naming of the folders and their respective files are based on the specific power, followed by hub-height and then followed by resource grade (e.g. SP277_HH100_RGA would mean specific power of 277 W/m2 hub-height of 100m and resource grade A). The resource grade A (RGA) consists of simulation of the best 10 % of locations (in terms of mean wind-speed) within each region. Similarly, RGB consists of simulation of 10-50 % of the best location and RGC consists of the remaining 50 % of the locations. Each folder has one csv file which contains the hourly time-series and a map which shows the resulting capacity factor for each region. The first column in csv file is the timestamps defined in GMT time and the rest of the columns represent Balmorel regions.</p><p dir="ltr">The available land considers all onshore land areas of a region, excluding lakes, rivers, urban areas, military areas, very high elevation locations (above 1500 m), and legally protected areas (IUCN categories Ia–VI). Urban areas are identified using the Natural Earth 50m Urban Areas dataset (Natural Earth, public domain license: link3). Protected areas are based on the European Environment Agency’s Nationally Designated Areas dataset (citation identifier: eea_v_3035_100_k_natda-poly_p_2023-2024_v22_r00, available via link4). Orography, bathymetry, and hydrological features (lakes and rivers) follow the Global Wind Atlas combined dataset (source: link5). Military areas are delineated using the <i>landuse=military</i> identifier from OpenStreetMap (link6). The possible impact of any existing onshore wind installations in the region is not considered. Wake losses are modeled (see the first linked paper), with an additional 5% accounting for other losses and unavailability .</p><p dir="ltr">The linked journal paper (1st link) describes the simulation methodology (combination of ERA5 and GWA data is used). It is requested that the paper is cited when the data are used. The linked related journal paper (2nd link) describes the concept of resource grades and how they can be applied in energy system analyses.</p><p dir="ltr">This item is part of a larger collection of wind and solar data: <a href="https://doi.org/10.11583/DTU.c.7964141" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.11583/DTU.c.7964141</a></p>